Tense āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻ িāύ, āϤাāĻāύা ? āϤো āĻāϞুāύ, āĻāĻাāĻে āϏāĻšāĻ āĻŦাāύাāύোāϰ āĻাāĻে āϞেāĻে āĻĒā§া āϝাāĻ !!

Tense.........। āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻ িāύ , āϤাāĻāύা...... । āύাāĻš...āĻāϏāϞে āĻāĻŽāϰা tense-āĻে āĻāĻ িāύ āĻŦাāύিā§েāĻি ।Tense āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŽোāĻেāĻ āĻāĻ িāύ āĻিāĻু āύা । āύিāĻেāϰ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻĨেāĻে āύিāĻেāĻ āĻŦিāĻাāϰ āĻāϰো ,āĻāĻ িāύ ,āύা āϏāĻšāĻ । āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে tense āĻী ?
āύিāĻেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻুāϞো āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻāϰো :
1. āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏāĻŦো (āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻŦāϏāĻŦো) ।
2. āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏāĻি (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻŦāϏāĻি) ।
3 .āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ (āĻ
āϤিāϤে āĻŦāϏেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ) ।
āĻāĻ āϤিāύāĻি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻŦāϏাāϰ āĻাāĻāĻা āϤিāύāĻি āĻাāϞে āĻāĻেāĻে ।āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻŦāϏাāĻা āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻāĻāĻŦে ।
āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻŦāϏাāϰ āĻাāĻāĻা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻāĻāĻে ।
āϤৃāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻŦāϏাāϰ āĻাāĻāĻা āĻ āϤিāϤে āĻāĻেāĻিāϞ । āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāϞোāϤো āĻোāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āĻāĻ āϤিāύāĻি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻাāϞেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻāĻিā§েāĻে ?
- "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āϤাāĻāύা !
- āĻāĻ্āĻা ! "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āĻী?
- "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āĻāĻāĻা āĻ্āϰিā§া (āϝে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻŦāϏা,āĻাāĻā§া,āϝাāĻā§া āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻাāĻ āĻāϰা āĻŦুāĻাā§ āϤাāĻ āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻ্āϰিā§া āĻŦা verb)
- āĻāĻ্āĻা !"āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻাāϰ āϤিāύ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āϤিāύāĻা āϰূāĻĒ
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§
• āĻŦ āϏ + āĻŦ
• āĻŦ āϏ + āĻি
• āĻŦ āϏ + āĻিāϞাāĻŽ
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে: "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে "āĻŦ"-āĻা āĻāϏেāĻ "āĻŦāϏা "āĻāĻ āĻাāĻāĻাāĻে āĻāĻŦিāϏ্āϝāϤে āύিā§ে āĻেāĻে । ( āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ "āĻāĻŦিāϏ্āϝāϤে āĻŦāϏāĻŦো" āĻāĻা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ্āĻে ) ।
āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে: "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে "āĻ"-āĻা āĻāϏেāĻ "āĻŦāϏা" āĻাāĻāĻাāĻে āĻŦāϰ্āϤাāĻŽাāύে āύিā§ে āĻেāĻে ।
āϤৃāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে: "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে "āĻিāϞাāĻŽ" āĻāϏেā§েāĻ “āĻŦāϏাāĻে” āĻ āϤিāϤে āύিā§ে āĻেāĻে । āϝে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি āĻāĻাāύে āϤিāύāĻি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻে āϤিāύāĻি āĻাāϞে āύিā§ে āϝাāĻ্āĻে , āϤা āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻ āĻŦāĻ্āϝে āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻ্āϰিā§া āĻŦা verb। āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻে āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻাāϞে āύিā§ে āϝাāĻā§াāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āĻ্āϰিā§াāĻিāĻে āϝে āĻিāύিāϏāĻা āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻāϰāĻে āϤা āĻšāϞ "āĻিāĻু āĻিāĻু āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ" ।
āϤাāĻ āϤো :
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে "āĻŦ"
āĻāĻŦং āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে "āĻ"
āĻāĻŦং āϤৃāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে "āĻŦāϏা" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে "āĻিāϞাāĻŽ" āĻāĻ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻুāϞো āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšā§েāĻে ।
āύিā§āĻŽ āĻুāϞো āϞāĻ্āώ āĻāϰো :
•āĻোāύো āĻ্āϰিā§াāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āϝে āĻā§āĻা āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ āĻāĻে āϤা āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāϤ āϏāĻŦ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻ ,āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ (āϝেāĻŽāύ : “āĻŦāϏিāϤেāĻিāϞো” āĻāĻাāύে “āĻŦāϏা” āĻšāϞো āĻŽূāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ, “āĻŦāϏা” āĻĨেāĻে “āĻŦāϏিāϤেāĻিāϞো” āĻāϏেāĻে )।āĻāĻ āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāĻুāϞোāĻ āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻŦāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻ্āϰিā§াāĻে āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻাāϞে āύিā§ে āϝাā§। (āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āĻ্āϰিā§াāĻে āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻাāϞে āύেā§াāĻেāĻ āϤো tense āĻŦāϞে । āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻāĻĨাā§ "āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āĻāĻাāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦা āĻাāϞāĻে tense āĻŦāϞে । āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰি āϝে tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻিāĻু āĻিāĻু āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻুāĻŽিāĻা āϰাāĻে ।)
āύিāĻেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻুāϞো āϞāĻ্āώ āĻāϰঃ (āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻুāϞোāĻে āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŦ)(āĻŽূāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āĻšāϞ “āĻŦāϏা” āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻুāϞো āĻšāϞো “āĻŦ” āĻāĻŦং “āϏ” ।
ā§§. āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ
- āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏি ——————× (cross)(āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ āύেāĻ)
- āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏিāϤেāĻি –––––––– āϤ + āĻ
- āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏিā§াāĻি ---------ā§ + āĻ
⧍.āĻ āϤিāϤ - āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏিāϞাāĻŽ——— āϞ (“āĻŽ” āĻা āĻāĻাāύে “āĻāĻŽি” āĻĨাāĻাāϰ āĻাāϰāύে āĻāϏেāĻে)
- *1 āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏিāϤে āĻিāϞাāĻŽ— āϤ + āϞ (“āĻŽ” āĻা āĻāĻাāύে “āĻāĻŽি” āĻĨাāĻাāϰ āĻাāϰāύে āĻāϏেāĻে)
- *1 āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏিā§া āĻিāϞাāĻŽ—--------- ā§ + āϞ (“āĻŽ” āĻা āĻāĻাāύে “āĻāĻŽি”āĻĨাāĻাāϰ āĻাāϰāύে āĻāϏেāĻে)
(*1āĻিāĻš্āύিāϤ )āĻāĻā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻুāϞো āϝāĻĨাāĻ্āϰāĻŽে āϤ,āĻ,āϞ,āĻŽ āĻāĻŦং ā§,āĻ,āϞ,āĻŽ । “āĻŽ”āĻŦাāĻĻ āϝাāĻŦে āϝেāĻšেāϤু āϤা āĻāĻŽি āĻĨাāĻাāϰ āĻাāϰāύে āĻāϏেāĻে । āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻুāϞো āύিāĻŦ āϝা āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ āĻļেāώে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে । āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻŽāϰা āϤ,āĻ,āϞ āĻĨেāĻে āϤ āĻ āϞ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŦং ā§,āĻ,āϞ āĻĨেāĻে ā§ āĻ āϞ āύিāϞাāĻŽ।
ā§Š.āĻāĻŦিāϏ্āϝāϤ
- āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏāĻŦো—————– ---------āĻŦ
- *⧍ āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏিāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦ——— āϤ + āĻŦ
- *⧍ āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāϏিā§া āĻĨাāĻāĻŦ——-— ā§ + āĻŦ
(*⧍āĻিāĻš্āύিāϤ)=āĻāĻā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ āϤ,āĻĨ,āĻ,āĻŦ āĻāĻŦং ā§,āĻĨ,āĻ,āĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻুāϞো āύিāĻŦো āϝা āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ āĻļেāώে āĻĨাāĻে ( āĻāĻেāϰ āύিā§āĻŽেāĻ ) । āĻŽাāĻে āĻি āĻāĻে āύা āĻāĻে , āĻĻেāĻাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ āύেāĻ ।
- =(āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ
ংāĻļেāϰ āĻ
āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ
āĻ্āώāϰ ) (āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻ
ংāĻļেāϰ āĻ
āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ
āĻ্āώāϰ ) (āϤৃāϤীā§ āĻ
ংāĻļেāϰ āĻ
āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ
āĻ্āώāϰ)
={X (CROSS)āĻ āĻ্āĻāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϰ্āϤে āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻেā§া āĻšāϞ}(āϤ.āĻ + ā§.āĻ) x (āϞ + āϤ.āϞ + ā§.āϞ ) x (āĻŦ + āϤ.āĻŦ +ā§.āĻŦ)
={ āĻ ( āϤ + ā§ )} x {āϞ (āϤ + ā§ )} x {āĻŦ (āϤ + ā§ )}
= ( āϤ + ā§ ) (āĻ x āϞ x āĻŦ)
= āϤ x ā§ x āĻ x āϞ x āĻŦ
(āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ āĻŦা Symbol)
Tense-āĻ āĻি āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻাāύিāϤিāĻ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻŽেāύে āĻāϞে !āĻĒāύেāϰোāĻা āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ āĻĨেāĻে āĻāĻāύ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻĒাঁāĻāĻা । (CROSS) × āϏāĻš āĻŽোāĻ āĻā§āĻা ।
āĻ āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ āĻŽুāĻāϏ্āϤ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে :
- × (cross) āĻāĻŦং “āĻ” āĻšāϞে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা present tense-āĻāϰ ।
- “āϞ” āĻšāϞে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা past tense-āĻāϰ ।
- “āĻŦ” āĻšāϞে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা future tense-āĻāϰ ।
- “āϤ” āĻšāϞে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা continuous tense-āĻāϰ ।
- “ā§” āĻšāϞে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা perfect tense-āĻāϰ।
- āϏে āĻŦāϏে ————--- x= present
- āϏে āĻŦāϏিāϤেāĻে——— āϤ + āĻ
āĻ = present
āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা present continuous-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
- āϏে āĻŦāϏিā§াāĻে———— ā§+āĻ
āĻ = present
āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা present perfect-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
- āϏে āĻŦāϏিāϞ ------ āϞ
āϞ = past - āϏে āĻŦāϏিāϤেāĻিāϞ --āϤ + āϞ
āϞ = past
āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা past continuous-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
- āϏে āĻŦāϏিā§াāĻিāϞ— ā§ + āϞ
ā§ = perfect
āϞ = past
āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা past perfect-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । - āϏে āĻŦāϏিāĻŦে—————āĻŦ
- āϏে āĻŦāϏিāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে —— āϤ + āĻŦ
āϤ = continuous
āĻŦ =future
āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা future continuous-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
- āϏে āĻŦāϏিā§া āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে–––– ā§ + āĻŦ
āĻŦ = future
āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা future perfect-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
- āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻāĻা āĻিāύিāϏ āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰেāĻো !
• āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϏāĻŦāĻুāϞো āĻিāύ্āϤু āϏাāϧু āĻাāώাāϰ । āĻাāϰāύ āϏাāϧু āĻাāώাāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻুāϞো āĻŦ্āϝāĻāϰāύেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻŽেāύে āĻāϞে । āĻāĻĨ্āϝ āĻাāώাāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻুāϞো āĻŦ্āϝāĻāϰāύেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻŽেāύে āĻāϞে āύা । - • āϝাāĻĻেāϰ tense āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻšাāϞāĻা āϧাāϰāύা āĻāĻে ,āϤাāϰা āϞāĻ্āώ āĻāϰেāĻ āϝে tense āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻŦাāϰো āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻাāύে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻšā§েāĻে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āύ⧠āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰেāϰ । āĻাāϰāύ āĻŦাāĻি āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ tense, āĻāĻāĻুāϞো āĻŦুāĻāϞে āϏāĻšāĻ ।āϤাāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻāĻুāϞো āĻŦুāĻে,āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻুāϞো āĻŦিāĻāĻŦো।
āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύীঃ
āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāϞোāϤো āύিāĻেāϰ āĻোāύāĻা āĻোāύ tense-āĻāϰ āĻāĻŦং āĻোāύāĻাā§ āĻোāύ symbol āĻāĻে ?
1.āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦāϏিāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে _future continuous
2.āϤুāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞে āϝাāĻāĻŦে ___________________
3.āϏে āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻিā§াāĻিāϞ —————————–
4.āĻāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻিā§াāĻি —————————
5.āϏে āĻŦāϏে –––––––––––––––––––––––––
6.āϤুāĻŽি āϞেāĻ ––––––––––––––––––––––––
7.āϤাāϰা āϞিāĻিāϤেāĻিāϞ –––––––––––––––––––
8.āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিāϤেāĻি ––––––––––––––––––––
9.āϤোāĻŽāϰা āϞিāĻিāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে ––––––––––––––
10.āϏে āϞিāĻিāĻŦে –––––––––––––––––––––––
āĻāĻāύ āύিāĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻāĻুāϞো āĻĻিā§ে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻŦাāύাāĻ
āĻŦ = āϏে āϝাāĻŦে /āĻাāĻŦে /āĻŦāϏāĻŦে āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি
āϤ + āĻŦ = ––––––––––––––––
āϞ = –––––––––––––––––––
āϤ + āϞ = –––––––––––––––––
āϤ + āĻ = –––––––––––––––––
ā§ + āĻ= –––––––––––––––––
× = ––––––––––––––––––––
ā§ + āϞ = –––––––––––––––––
× = ––––––––––––––––––––
āϤোāĻŽāϰা āύিāĻে āύিāĻে āĻāϰো āĻŦেāĻļী āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āĻāϰāĻŦে ।
- - “ āϏে āϝাā§ ” āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻ
āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ
āĻ্āώāϰ āĻোāύāĻা ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) āĻāĻাāύে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ “ā§” āϝা perfect āĻŦুāĻাāĻ্āĻে ।
- āύাāĻš , āĻšāϞো āύা ।āĻāĻাāύ āĻোāύো āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ āύেāĻ।
āϝে “ā§” āϤুāĻŽি āĻāĻাāύে āĻĻেāĻāϤে āĻĒাāĻ্āĻো āϤা āĻāϏāϞে “ āϝাāĻā§া ” āĻāĻ verb-āĻāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ । “ āϝাāĻā§া ” āĻĻিā§ে perfect āĻŦুāĻাāύোāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ “āϝাāĻā§াāĻে” , “āϝাāĻā§াāĻিāϞ” , “āϝাāĻā§া āĻĨেāĻিāĻŦে” āĻšāĻŦে । “āϝাāĻā§া” , “āĻাāĻā§া” , “āĻļোāĻā§া” āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŽূāϞ āĻ্āϰিā§া āĻĨেāĻে āϝে “ āϝাā§ ”, “ āĻাā§ ”, “ āĻļোā§ ” āĻ্āϰিā§া āĻŦা verb āĻŦেāϰ āĻšā§ āϤাāϰ “ ā§ ”-āĻা āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻ āĻ্āώāϰ । perfect-āĻāϰ “ā§” āύ⧠। āĻাāϰāύ āϤুāĻŽি āϤো “āϝাā§”-āĻে “ āϝাāĻā§াā§ে ” āĻŦা “ āĻাāĻā§া ” āĻে “ āĻাāĻā§াā§ে ” āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা “ āϝাāĻā§া + ā§াāĻে ” āĻŦা “āϝাāĻā§া + ā§াāĻিāϞ” āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦেāύা । āĻāϏāϞে āĻŽূāϞ āĻāĻĨা āĻšāϞো āĻŦাংāϞাā§ āĻāύো āĻŽূāϞ āĻ্āϰিā§াāϰ āĻļেāώে “āĻā§া” āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻāĻŽāϰা āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ āĻāĻাāĻŦেāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে āĻĨাāĻি । āĻāĻাāϰ āĻোāύো āĻাāϰāύ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻাāĻে āύাāĻ । āϝেāĻŽāύ : āĻাāĻā§া āĻĨেāĻে āĻাā§ , āĻাāĻ , āĻাāĻā§াāĻি । āϝাāĻā§া āĻĨেāĻে āϝাā§ , āϝাāĻ , āϝাāĻā§াāĻি āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻšāĻŦে । āĻাā§ , āϝাā§ , āĻļোā§ āĻāϰ “ā§” āĻĻেāĻে perfect-āĻāϰ “ā§” āĻŽāύে āĻāϰāĻŦে āύা । (āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻ āύিāĻļীāϞāύেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻāĻুāϞো āĻ িāĻ āĻšā§ে āϝাāĻŦে )
-(āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) āĻāĻা present tense ।
-āĻš্āϝাঁ , āϤুāĻŽি “āĻ” āĻĻেāĻেāĻ present āĻŦāϞে āĻĢেāϞেāĻো , āϤাāĻ āύা !
āĻāϏāϞে āĻŦিāώā§āĻা āĻāĻŽāύ āύা , āĻāĻŽāϰা āϝāϤ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύ āĻĻিā§েāĻি āϤা āĻāϏāϞে āϏাāϧু āϰীāϤিāϤে āĻিāϞ āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻāĻĨ্āϝ āϰীāϤিāϤে āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§েāĻে । āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āϏাāϧু āĻাāώাā§ āύিāϞে āĻি āĻšāĻŦে ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ ) “āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻāϤেāĻি” ।
- āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāϞোāϤো āĻāĻা āĻোāύ tense ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ ) present continuous tense ।
-āĻāϏāϞে āĻি āĻাāύো,āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻāĻুāϞো āύিāĻুঁāϤ āĻাāĻŦে āϏাāϧু āϰীāϤিāϤেāĻ āĻĒাāĻā§া āϝাā§ । āϤাāĻ tense āĻেāύাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāĻĨ্āϝ āϰীāϤিāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻে āϏাāϧু āϰীāϤিāϤে āĻāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে ।
āύিāĻে āĻā§েāĻāĻি āĻĻেāĻাāύো āĻšāϞঃ
o āĻŦāϏেāĻি āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦāϏিā§াāĻি o āĻŦāϏāĻি āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦāϏিāϤেāĻি
o āĻŦāϏāĻিāϞ āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦāϏিāϤেāĻিāϞ
o āĻŦāϏেāĻিāϞ āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦāϏিā§াāĻিāϞ
o āĻŦāϏে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦāϏিā§া āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে
(āĻ āύ্āϝ tense-āĻāϰ āĻ্āϰিā§াāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ āĻŦāĻļ্āϝ āϏাāϧু-āĻāϞāϤি āĻāĻā§ āϰীāϤিāϤে āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻāĻুāϞো āύিāĻুঁāϤ āĻাāĻŦে āĻĒাāĻā§া āĻাā§ । āϤাāĻ āĻāĻুāϞো āĻĻেāĻাāύো āĻšāϞো āύা।
“ āϏে āĻুāϰāϤে āϝাāĻŦে ” āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে “āϤ” āĻāĻŦং “āĻŦ” āĻāĻে । āϤাāĻ āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻা future continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āύা । āĻāĻাāύে “āĻুāϰāϤে”-āĻāϰ “āϤ”-āĻা “āĻāύ্āϝ” āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে , continuous-āĻāϰ “āϤ” āύা । āĻāĻা symbol-āĻāϰ āĻ ংāĻļ āύা । “āĻŦ”-āĻা āĻ āĻŦāĻļ্āϝ symbol-āĻāϰ āĻ ংāĻļ । “āĻŦ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ “will” āĻšāĻŦে ।
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻংāϞিāĻļ āĻšāĻŦে “ He will go for wandering ”
English to Bangla :
āĻāϤāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻŦাংāϞাā§ āĻোāύ্ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻোāύ্ tense-āĻ āĻĒā§ে āϤা āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ , āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻŦুāĻāĻŦো , english āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻĻেāĻে āĻিāĻাāĻŦে tense āĻেāύা āϝাā§ ।
āĻŽূāϞ āĻāϞোāĻāύাā§ āϝাāĻā§াāϰ āĻāĻে āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻā§েāĻāĻি āĻŦিāώ⧠āĻেāύে āύেāĻ :
āϝে āĻোāύো verb-āĻāϰ āĻā§েāĻāĻা āϰূāĻĒ āĻĨাāĻে ।
āĻāĻুāϞো āĻšāϞো :
o Present āϰূāĻĒ o Past āϰূāĻĒ
o Past participle (P.P) āϰূāĻĒ
o –ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒ
o Base form āĻŽুāϞ āϰূāĻĒ
Base form Present form Past form P.P form -ing form
Be Am/is/are Was/were Been Being
Have Have/has Had Had Having
Do Do Did Done Doing
Go Go Went gone going
āĻāĻāĻু āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰāϞে āĻĻেāĻāϤে āĻĒাāĻŦে āϝে āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ “Be” āĻāĻŦং “Have” āĻāĻ āĻĻুāĻ verb-āĻāϰ base form-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে present form-āĻāϰ āĻŽিāϞ āύেāĻ āĻŦাāĻি āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ verb-āĻāϰ āĻŽিāϞ āϰā§েāĻে । āϤাāĻ āĻ āύেāĻেāĻ present form-āĻে base form āĻŦāϞেāύ । āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϰ্āϤে base form āĻāĻŦং present form āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻāϰে āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻāϰāĻŦ ।
āĻā§েāĻāĻি āύিā§āĻŽ āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰো :
- “ To be verb ” āĻŦāϞāϤে am , is , are , was , were , been āĻāĻŦং “ to have verb” āĻŦāϞāϤে have , has , had āϏāĻŦāĻাāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāύো āĻšā§ । Have āĻāĻ base form-āĻāϰ present form āĻšāϞো have āĻāĻŦং has । āĻāĻāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻšāϞো “ āĻāĻāύ āĻোāύāĻা āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে ? ” āĻāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻšāϞো āϏāĻŦ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে have āĻāĻŦং he , she , it āĻŦা āϝে āĻোāύ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে has āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে (āĻāĻŽি 3rd person singular number āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻāϤিāϞ āĻŦিāώā§ে āϝাāĻāύি )।
He / Rayhan has written
She / Bushra has written
It / The bird has flown (āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)
- He , she , it āĻŦা āϝে āĻোāύ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϝāĻĻি verb-āĻāϰ present form āĻšā§ āϤāĻŦে āĻ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে “s” āĻŦা “es’ āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāĻŦে । āϏāĻŦ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে “s” āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšā§ āĻিāύ্āϤু āϝāĻĻি verb-āĻিāϰ āĻļেāώে s, ss, sh, ch, x, o āĻĨাāĻে āϤাāĻšāϞে “es” āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāĻŦে । āĻāϰেāĻāĻা āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ্āϰāϧāϰ্āĻŽী āύিā§āĻŽ āĻāĻে । āϤা āĻāĻāύ āύা āĻšā§ āĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ āĻĻিā§া āĻĻিāϞাāĻŽ । āύাāĻš্ ! āĻŦāϞāĻি āϝāĻāύ āĻŦāϞেāĻ āĻĢেāϞি । Verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āϝāĻĻি “y” āĻĨাāĻে āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ “y”-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে consonant letter (a,e,i,o,u āĻাā§া āϏāĻŦ āĻšāϞো consonant letter । a , e , i , o , u āĻšāϞো vowel ) āĻĨাāĻে āϤāĻŦে ‘y’ āĻāĻ ে āĻিā§ে ‘ies’ āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāĻŦে ।
He / Shimul cries (āĻŽুāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ cry)
She / Salwa fries (āĻŽুāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ fry)
āĻিāύ্āϤু “y”-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে vowel āĻĨাāĻāϞে āϏাāĻŦাāĻাāĻŦিāĻ āύিā§āĻŽেāĻ ‘s’ āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāĻŦে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύঃ
He / Hakim plays
She / Salwa says
Be āĻāĻ base form-āĻāϰ present form āϤিāύāĻা āĻāĻŦং past form āĻĻুāĻāĻা ।
āĻāĻāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻšāϞো āĻোāύāĻা āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻĨাā§ āĻŦ্āϝেāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে ?
āϤাāĻ āύা !
- present form-āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻāĻŽāϰা āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§ “are” āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦ । āĻļুāϧু “I”-āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে “am” āĻāĻŦং he / she / it āĻŦা āĻোāύো āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে “is” āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦ (āĻāĻŽি 3rd person singular number āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻāϤিāϞ āĻŦিāώā§ে āϝাāĻāύি )।
I am going
He / she / it / faizul / zuhra is going
We / you / they are going
āĻāĻ āϤো āĻেāϞো present form-āĻāϰ āϤিāύāĻাāϰ āĻāĻĨা ।
- āĻāĻāύ āĻāϏো “Be”-āĻāϰ past form-āĻāϰ āĻĻুāĻāĻাāϰ āĻāĻĨাā§ । āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻāύেāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে was āĻāĻŦং āĻŦāĻšুāĻŦāĻāύেāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে were āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦো । ( you-āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§ were āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে । āĻাāϰāĻŖ you-āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ āϝা, āĻŦāĻšুāĻŦāĻāύ āϤা । )
They / you were going ( you= āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦা āϤুāĻŽāϰা )
- Verb-āĻāϰ P.P form-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻ āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ āĻāĻāĻা to have verb āĻŦāϏে ।
I had gone I will have been going to . . . . . . .
- -Ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻ āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ āĻāĻāĻা to be verb āĻŦāϏে ।
- will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻ āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏে ।
āĻāĻāύ āĻŽূāϞ āĻāϞোāĻāύাā§ āĻāϏা āϝাāĻ ।
āĻāϏাāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦāϞোāϤো
“ I will have been giong to. . .” āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻā§āĻা āύিā§āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϝোāĻ্āϝ ।
- āĻāĻāĻা .......āĻĻুāĻāĻা ......āύাāĻš্ āϤিāύāĻা āύিā§āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϝোāĻ্āϝ ।
- I will haveā§§ been⧍ goingā§Š to ............
ā§§.āĻāĻŽāϰা āϝাāύি will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏে āϤাāĻ will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ have āĻāĻ base form āĻŦāϏেāĻে ।
⧍.āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি P.P form-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে “to have verb” āĻŦāϏে । āϤাāĻ been-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে have āĻŦāϏেāĻে ।
ā§Š.āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে “to be verb” āĻŦāϏে । āϤাāĻ going-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে been āĻŦাāϏেāĻে । ( āĻĻেāĻāϞে āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āϤিāύāĻা āύিā§āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻ āĻšāϞ ) āĻāĻĒāϰেāϰ āύিāĻāĻŽেāϰ āĻāϞোāĻে āĻŦāϞোāϤো āύিāĻেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻুāϞো āϏāĻ িāĻ āĻিāύা ? āϝāĻĻি āϏāĻ িāĻ āύা āĻšā§ āϤāĻŦে āĻেāύ āϏāĻ িāĻ āύা āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻ িāĻ āĻšāϞে āĻেāĻŽāύ āĻšāĻŦে ?
• He will had been going .
•I will have been gone . (double āĻāύো āĻিāĻুāĻ āĻাāϞāύা । āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻাāύে āĻĻুāĻো P.P form āĻāϏেāĻে āϤুāĻŽি āϤা āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻāϰো )
• I have been going .
• I had been going .
• I had been gone .
• I have gone .
• I had gone.
• He has going .
• He has gone .
• They was going . (was āĻāĻŦং were-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻŽāύে āĻāĻেāϤো)
• He go .
• I goes .
• They plays .
• She cries .
• We flies .
āĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦāύ্āϧুāĻĻেāϰ āĻিāĻ্āĻেāϏ āĻāϰāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϰাāĻ āϝেāύ āϤোāĻŽাāĻে āĻিāĻ্āĻেāϏ āĻāϰে । āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻ āύুāĻļীāύāĻ āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻāϰāĻŦে । āĻāĻুāϞো āĻাāϞো āĻাāĻŦে āϰāĻĒ্āϤ āĻšāϞে right form of verb āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻšāĻŦে ।
āĻāĻāύ āĻāϏো āĻŽূāϞ āĻāϞāĻāύাā§ :
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļ
Shimul eats rice (s āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāĻā§াāϰ āĻাāϰāύ āĻŽāύে āĻāĻেāϤো !)
Shimul is eating rice
Shimul has eaten rice (has āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāĻā§াāϰ āĻাāϰāύ āĻŽāύে āĻāĻেāϤো !)
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļ
Shimul ate rice
Shimul was eating rice (āĻāĻাāύে āĻļিāĻŽুāϞেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে they āĻšāϞে āĻী āĻšāĻŦে , āĻŦāϞোāϤো!)
Shimul had eaten rice
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļ
Shimul will eat rice Shimul will be eating rice
Shimul will have eaten rice (āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒāϰ has āĻŦāϏে āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻাāύে have āĻেāύ āĻŦāϏāϞো ?) āĻāĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύāĻুāϞোāϤে āĻļিāĻŽুāϞেāϰ āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻā§াāϰ āĻাāĻāĻা āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻাāϞে āύিā§ে āĻিā§েāĻে āĻোāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা ?
“eat” āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āĻāĻে āĻ
āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻিāĻু auxiliary verb
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļেāϰ
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে auxiliary verb āύাāĻ , āϤাāĻ eat āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ form-āĻাāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী ।āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে to be verb-āĻāϰ present form āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ ing form-āĻা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী।
āϤৃāϤীā§ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে to have verb-āĻāϰ present form āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form-āĻাāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী ।
noteā§§: (auxiliary verbāĻুāϞো āĻšāϞো am , is , are , was , were , been , have , has , had , shall , should , will , would , can , could , may,might, do did ,done , need , ought , must , dare , āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি । (āĻĻাāĻ āĻĻেā§া āĻ ংāĻļāĻুāϞো āĻāĻ āϏুāϰে āĻĒā§āĻŦে)
āĻāĻŦাāϰ
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļেāϰ
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে auxiliary verb āύাāĻ , āϤাāĻ eat āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ form-āĻাāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী । āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে to be verb-āĻāϰ past form āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ ing form-āĻা tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী ।
āϤৃāϤীā§ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে to have verb-āĻāϰ past form āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form-āĻাāĻ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী ।
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļেāϰ
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে will-āĻাāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী ।āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে will āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ ing form-āĻা tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী ।
āϤৃāϤীā§ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύে will āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ to have verb-āĻাāĻ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী । (āĻী āĻী āĻিāύিāϏ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী āϤা āĻŽুāĻāϏ্āϤ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§ āύাāĻ, āĻŦāϰং āĻāĻুāϞো āĻŦুāĻাāϰ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻāϰāĻŦে )
āĻāĻāύ āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ āĻাāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻি āĻ ংāĻļ āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰোঃ
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļ :
1. “shimul eats rice” āĻāĻাāύে “eat” āĻোāύ form-āĻ āĻāĻে ?’- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻļāĻ āϤা present āϰুāĻĒে āĻāĻে ।
- āĻš্āϝাঁ ,āϝāĻāύ verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ present āϤāĻāύ āϤা present indifinit tense āĻŦা simple present tense । āĻāĻŦাāϰ verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āϝāĻĻি past āĻšā§ āϤāĻāύ āϤা past indifinit tense āĻŦা simple past tense ।
2. shimul is eating rice āĻāĻাāύে eat-āĻāϰ āĻোāύ form ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) eat-āĻāϰ -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒāĻা āĻŦāϏেāĻে । - -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āϝে to be verb āĻŦāϏে āϤা āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে āϤো !
āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāϞোāϤো to be verb-āĻāϰ āĻোāύ form-āĻা āĻŦāϏেāĻে ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) to be verb-āĻāϰ present form, is āĻŦāϏেāĻে ।
āĻš্āϝাঁ , āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāϰেāĻāĻা āĻāĻĨা āϝে āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§ āύি !
āĻā§েāĻāĻা āύিā§āĻŽ āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰঃ
• āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ -ing form-āĻা āĻĻেāĻāϞেāĻ āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে āϝে āϤা continuous tense । o -ing form-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻ
āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ āĻāĻāĻা to be verb āĻŦāϏāĻŦে। āĻāĻŦং āĻ to be verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻোāύ tense-āĻāϰ । āĻāĻāύ āϝāĻĻি āĻ to be verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻা present āĻšā§ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা present continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāϰ āϝāĻĻি āĻ to be verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻা past form-āĻāϰ āĻšā§ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা past continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । (to be verb-āĻুāϞো āĻŽুāϞāϤ āĻāĻাāύে auxiliary verb āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻāĻে । ) • Will āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে āϝে āϤা future tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । ( āϤāĻŦে I āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে shall āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে,āĻāĻŦাāϰ will āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰāĻ āĻāϞāĻŦে )• āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে to have verb āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻāĻা perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । āĻāĻŦং āĻ to have verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϤা āĻোāύ tense-āĻāϰ perfect । āϝāĻĻি āĻ to have verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻা present āĻšā§ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা present perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϝāĻĻি āĻ to have verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻা past form-āĻāϰ āĻšā§ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা past perfct tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
āĻŦাংāϞা āĻāĻŦং english-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŽিāϞāĻুāϞো āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰো
• -ing = āϤ = continuous........
•Will = āĻŦ = future..............
• To have verb = ā§ = perfect
• āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ present āϰূāĻĒ = āĻ / × = present...............
• āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past āϰূāĻĒ = āϞ = past...............
- āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāϞāϤ shimul is eating rice āĻāĻা āĻোāύ tense ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϤাāĻ āĻāĻা continuous tense ।
- āĻোāύ continuous ? present continuous tense āύাāĻি past continuous tense āύাāĻি future continuous tense ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) present continuous tense , ing-āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦāϞāϞাāĻŽ continuous āĻāĻŦং to be verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦāϞāϞাāĻŽ āϤা present ।
- āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে is āĻেāύ āĻŦ্āϝেāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϞো ? am āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা are āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰāϤāύা ? āĻাāϰāύāĻুāϞো āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে āϤো !
āĻāĻ্āĻা ! āĻŦāϞোāϤো shimul was eating rice āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻোāύ tense-āĻāϰ ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϤাāĻ continuous āĻāĻŦং to be verb-āĻāϰ past form āϤাāĻ āĻāĻা continuous । āϏুāϤāϰাং āĻāĻা past continuous tense ।
3. shimul has eaten rice āĻāĻাāύে eat-āĻāϰ āĻোāύ āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏেāĻে ।
-(āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) āĻāĻাāύে eat-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏেāĻে ।
- P.P form āĻāϰ āĻāĻে to have verb āĻāĻে āϤাāĻ, āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻāĻা perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ to have verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻা present āϤাāĻ āĻāĻা persent perfect tense । āϤাāĻšāϞে shimul had eaten rice āĻāĻা āĻোāύ tense ?
-āĻāĻা past perfect tense । āĻাāϰāύ to have verb āĻāĻে āϤাāĻ āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ āϝে perfect āĻāĻŦং āĻ to have verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ past āϤাāĻ āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ past perfect tense ।
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļেāϰ
āĻāϞāĻāύাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ āύাāĻ
āĻ āĻ
ংāĻļ :
1. Shimul will eat rice āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻোāύ tense -āĻ āĻĒā§ে ? -will āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে future tense āϤাāĻ āĻāĻা future indifinite tense āĻŦা simple future tense । (will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āϝে verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏে , āϤা āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে āϤো ! )
2. Shimul will be eating rice-āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻোāύ tense-āĻ āĻĒā§ে ?
-(āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) āĻāĻা future continuous tense । āĻাāϰāύ will āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ āϝে āĻāĻা future āĻāĻŦং -ing form āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ āϝে āĻāĻা continuous । -āϤুāĻŽি āĻি āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰেāĻ, āϝে will-āĻāϰ āĻā§ে to be verb-āĻা āύā§া āĻā§া āύা āĻāϰে base form-āĻাāĻ āĻŦāϏেāĻে । (-ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb -āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āϝে to be verb āĻŦāϏে āϤা āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে āϤো ! )
3. Shimul will have eaten rice āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻোāύ tense-āĻāϰ ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) āĻāĻা future perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
- āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦুāĻāϞে ?
- ( āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ ) will āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻেāĻি āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা future tense āĻāĻŦং to have verb āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ perfect tense.
- āĻāĻ্āĻা! āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি he / she / it āĻŦা āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒāϰ has āĻŦāϏে āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻাāύে shimul āĻāĻ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻেāύ have āĻšāϞো ? āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻাāĻেāύা !? āĻāϏāϞে āĻŦিāώā§āĻা āĻšāϞো āϝে will-āĻāϰ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻŦেāĻļী āϤো āϤাāĻ shimul āĻĨাāĻা āϏāϤ্āϤেāĻ has-āĻে āĻāϏāϤে āĻĻেā§āύি । have-āĻ āĻŦāϏেāĻে । āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻŽāϰা āϝাāύি āϝে will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏে ।
āĻāĻ āϤো tense āĻļেāώ !!
āĻļেāώ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻে āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞো āĻāĻ āύāĻāϰ āĻĻেāĻেāύেāĻ ।
• āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ -ing form-āĻা āĻĻেāĻāϞেāĻ āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে āϝে āϤা continuous tense । āĻোāύ continuous ? āϤা āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻিāϰ āĻāĻে āĻ
āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ to be verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻে । ( -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻ
āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ to be verb āĻŦāϏে )• Will āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা future tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ (will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻিāύ্āϤু verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏে )
• Have āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । ( Verb-āĻāϰ P.P form-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻ āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ āĻāĻāĻা to have verb āĻŦāϏে )
• Verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻোāύো to have verb āĻŦা to be verb āύা āĻšāϞে āĻ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা āĻোāύ tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । (to be verb-āĻা āĻāϏāϞে auxiliary verb । )
āύিāĻāĻŽāĻুāϞো āĻŽāύে āϰেāĻে āĻŦāϞোāϤো āύিāĻেāϰ āĻোāύāĻা āĻোāύ tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
1. He goes (es āĻŦা s āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāĻā§াāϰ āĻাāϰāύ āĻŽāύে āĻāĻেāϤো!)2. I go .
3. I will go .
4. I am going .
5. He is going . (āĻāĻāĻ tense āĻিāύ্āϤু am/is/are āĻšāĻā§াāϰ āĻাāϰāύ āĻী?)
6. They are going .
7. I was going .
8. You were going .
9. He will be going .
10. He will have done the work .
11. I had eaten .
12. I have eaten .
13. I went .
14. I will be going .
āĻā§েāĻāĻāύ āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻŽিāϞে āĻāĻুāϞো practice āĻāϰāĻŦে āĻাāϰāύ āϤুāĻŽি āϤো āĻাāύো practice makes a man perfect
( āĻŦāϞāϤো āĻāĻা āĻোāύ tense ? )
-āĻŦāϞো āϤো tense āĻā§ āĻĒāĻাāϰ ?
-(āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ -āĻš্āϝাঁ āĻŽূāϞোāϤো āϤিāύ āĻĒāĻাāϰ ।
āĻ āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰেāĻে āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻাāϰāĻা āĻাāϰāĻা āĻāϰে āĻŦাāϰāĻা āĻŦাāύাāύো āĻšā§েāĻে ।
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§
* Present indefinite tense
* Present continuous tense
* Present perfect tense
Present perfect continuous tense
* Past indefinite tense
* Past continuous tense
Past perfect tense
Past perfect continuous tense
* Future indefinite tense
* Future continuous tense
Future perfect tense
Future perfect continuous tense
- Note: * āĻিāĻš্āύিāϤ tense-āĻুāϞো āĻāĻĨ্āϝ āĻাāώাā§ āϏāĻŦāĻেā§ে āĻŦেāĻļী āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ । āĻāĻ্āĻা ! āĻŦāϞোāϤো āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻā§ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰেāϰ tense āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰেāĻি ? āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āύ⧠āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰেāϰ । āϤাāĻ āύা ! āĻাāϰāύ āĻŦাāĻি āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻুāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻু āĻāĻিāϞ , āϝāĻĻিāĻ āĻāĻāύ āϤোāĻŽāϰা āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে । āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻুāϞো āύিā§ে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰāĻি ।
1. Present perfect continuous tense
2. Past perfect continuous tense
3. Future perfect continuous tense
āĻāĻ্āĻা ! āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻāĻেāĻāĻা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰো
1. I have been reading ..........( Present perfect continuous tense)
2. I had been reading.............( Past perfect continuous tense)
3. I will have been reading .......... (Future perfect continuous tense)
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰো:
I have been reading āϝেāĻšেāϤু continuous āϤাāĻ verb-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāĻŦে । āϤāĻāύ āĻšāĻŦে I reading । āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϝেāĻšেāϤু perfect āϤাāĻ to have verb āĻŦāϏāĻŦে । āĻāĻāύ āĻšāĻŦে I have/has/had reading (to have verb = have / has / had) । āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϝেāĻšেāϤু present tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϤাāĻ to have verb-āĻāϰ present āϰূāĻĒ āĻা āĻŦāϏেāĻে । āĻāĻāύ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻšāĻŦে I have reading । āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āϝāĻĻি āϏāĻ িāĻ āĻšā§ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒā§া āĻোā§েāĻāĻা āύিā§āĻŽ āĻুāϞ āĻšā§ে āϝাāĻŦে ।āύিāĻāĻŽāĻুāϞো āĻšāϞো:
1. –ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে to be verb āĻŦāϏে । ( āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻাāύে to be verb āύেāĻ )
2. To have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏে ।(āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻাāύে –ing form āĻāĻে)
āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽাāĻে āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻ িāĻ āϰেāĻে āύিā§āĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻāϰāĻŦ । āύাāĻি āύিā§āĻŽ āĻ িāĻ āϰেāĻে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻāϰāĻŦ । āĻāĻŽāĻĻেāϰ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻ িāĻ āϰেāĻে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāϞো āĻāĻŽāϰা āύিā§āĻŽ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻāϰি । āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āύিā§āĻŽāĻা āĻšāϞো -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে to be verb āĻšā§ । (to be verb āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻি āĻি āĻŦুāĻাāύো āĻšā§ āϤা āĻŽāύে āĻāĻ্āĻে āϤো ! ) । āϏেāĻ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻšāĻŦে I have am reading, āĻāĻাāύে am āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻি āĻ িāĻ āĻšā§েāĻে?
- ( āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ ) āĻš্āϝাঁ, āĻাāϰāύ I-āĻāϰāĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϤো am āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšā§ ।
- āϤা āĻ িāĻ ,āĻিāύ্āϤু to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϝে verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏে (āϤা āĻŽāύে āĻāĻ্āĻে āϤো ! ) āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻšāĻŦে I have been reading । ( have-āĻāϰ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻŦেāĻļি āϤো āϤাāĻ, am āĻে āϏāϰিā§ে āύিāĻেāϰ āύিā§āĻŽāĻাāĻ āĻ িāĻ āϰেāĻেāĻে ) ।
āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ
āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻĨা (to have verb-āĻāϰ past āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏেāĻে āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻা past perfect contiuous tense )
āϤৃāϤীā§ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰ:
“I will have been reading” āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা āĻোāύ tense-āĻ āĻĒā§ে?- ( āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ ) future perfect continuous tense
- āĻŦুāĻāϞে āĻি āĻāϰে ?
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ ) will āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ future Have āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ perfect -Ing āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϞাāĻŽ continuous
- āĻāĻাāύে been āĻāϏাāϰ āĻাāϰāύāĻা āĻāĻŦং to have verb-āĻāϰ base form, “have”-āĻা āĻāϏাāϰ āĻাāϰāύāĻা āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে āϤো !
- (āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ) āĻš্āϝাঁ, āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে !
Will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏে ।
āĻāĻ āϤো tense āĻļেāώ ।
āĻāĻ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞো āĻĒāϰে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰāϞাāĻŽ āĻাāϰāύ āĻāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻুāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽ । āĻāĻুāϞো āĻļুāϰুāϤে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰāϞে āĻĒāϰে āĻāώ্āĻ āĻšā§ে āϝেāϤ ।
āĻāĻ্āĻা ! āĻāϰেāĻāĻা āĻিāύিāϏ āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϞো āύা, āĻāĻ āϤিāύāĻা tense-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§ āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে (āĻŦাংāϞাā§ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে “āϝাāĻŦāϤ” āĻŦা “āϧāϰে” āĻšāĻŦে । ‘āϝাāĻŦāϤ” āĻšāϞে for āĻāĻŦং “āĻšāĻāϤে/āĻĨেāĻে/āϧāϰে” āĻšāϞে since āĻšāĻŦে ) āĻāϤāĻ্āώāύ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻংāϞিāĻļ āĻĨেāĻে āĻāĻ tense-āĻুāϞো āĻেāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাā§ āĻাāύāϞাāĻŽ ।
āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻŦাংāϞা āĻĨেāĻে āĻāĻ tense-āĻুāϞো āĻেāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাā§ āĻাāύāĻŦ ।
āϤাāϰ āĻāĻে āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻāϰো āĻā§েāĻāĻা āĻিāύিāϏেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒāϰিāĻā§ āĻšāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻāĻেāĻ āĻেāύেāĻি āϝে, āĻāĻ āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰেāϰ tense-āĻ āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻে । āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻা āĻŽাāύে perfect-āĻāϰ āϞāĻ্āώāύ । āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāϰা perfect-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻুāĻো symbol āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ āĻĒেāϞাāĻŽ āĻāĻāĻা āĻšāϞ “ā§” āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰেāĻāĻা āĻšāϞ “āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ” । āĻāĻāύ present perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϞāĻ্āώো āĻāϰ
āϝেāĻŽāύঃ “āĻāĻŽি āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ āĻĒā§িāϤেāĻি”
āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻিāϤে “āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা perfect
“āϤ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা continuous ।
“āĻ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা present ।
āĻāĻāĻ āĻাāĻŦে āĻŦāϞোāϤো “āĻāĻŽি āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ āĻেāϞিāϤে āĻিāϞাāĻŽ” āĻāĻি āĻোāύ tense ?
āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻিāϤে “āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা perfect “āϤ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা continuous ।
“āϞ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা past ।
āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻŦে past perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
āĻāĻŦাāϰ
“āĻāĻŽি āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ āĻĒā§িāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦ”।
āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻিāϤে “āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা perfect ।
“āϤ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা continuous ।
“āĻŦ” āĻĻেāĻে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āϤা future ।
āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻŦে future perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ ।
āĻāĻāύ āϝāĻĻি āĻেāĻ āϤোāĻŽাāĻে āĻāϰāĻāĻŽ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻĻিā§ে āĻিāĻ্āĻেāϏ āĻāϰে āϝে “āĻŦāϞāϤো āĻāĻা āĻোāύ tense ?”
āϤāĻāύ āϤুāĻŽি āĻ āĻৌāĻļāϞ āĻাāĻে āϞাāĻিā§ে āϏāĻšāĻে āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে । āĻāϤāĻ্āώāύ āϤো āĻেāϞ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻĨেāĻে tense āĻŦেāϰ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĒাā§ ।
āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰāĻŦ āĻিāĻাāĻŦে tense āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻŦেāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাā§?
āϞāĻ্āώ āĻāϰো
Indefinite tense
*present indefinite-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ , āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ āĻী āĻী ?” । āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি present indefinite tense-āĻāϰ āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰে āĻোāύো āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ āĻĨাāĻে āύা । āϝেāĻŽāύ “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻি” । āĻāĻাāύে āĻোāύো āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ āύেāĻ । āϤাāĻ āĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻ্āĻে present indefinite- āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ present āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I eat *past-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϞ” āϤাāĻ past indefinite tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিāϞাāĻŽ” । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I ate
*future-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻŦ” āϤাāĻ future indefinite tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিāĻŦ” । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে will āĻāĻŦং verb-āĻāϰ base āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I will eat (will-āĻāϰ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী verb-āĻāϰ base āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏেāĻে )
continuous tense
*Present continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ , āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ āĻী āĻী?” । āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি continuousāĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ”āĻāĻŦং present-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻ” āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨাā§ Present continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ,āĻ” । āϝেāĻŽāύ “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিāϤেāĻি” । āϤাāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻ্āĻে Present continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “āϤ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে -ing form āĻāĻŦং “āĻ”-āĻāϰ to be verb-āĻāϰ present āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I am eating. ( āĻāĻāύ am,āĻāĻāύ is āĻāϰ āĻāĻāύ are āĻŦāϏাāϤে āĻšā§ āϤা āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে āϤো ! ) *past-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϞ” āĻāĻŦং continuous-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ” āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ past continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ,āϞ” । āϤাāĻ past continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিāϤেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ” । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “āϤ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ -ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒ āĻāĻŦং “āϞ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ to be verb-āĻāϰ past āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I was eating.
*future-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻŦ” āĻāĻŦং continuous-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ” āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ future continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ,āĻŦ” । āϤাāĻ future continuous tense -āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦো” । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “āĻŦ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে will āĻāĻŦং to be verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻāĻŦং “āϤ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ ,verb-āĻāϰ –ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I will be eating (will-āĻāϰ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী verb-āĻāϰ base āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏেāĻে āĻāĻŦং ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে to be verb āĻŦāϏেāĻে )
perfect tense
*Present perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ , āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ āĻী āĻী ?” । āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি perfect-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “ā§” āĻāĻŦং present-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻ” āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨাā§ Present perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻ,ā§” । āϝেāĻŽāύ “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিāĻā§াāĻি” । āϤাāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻ্āĻে Present perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “ā§”-āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb āĻāĻŦং “āĻ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb-āĻāϰ present āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । (to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏে ) āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I have eat. *past-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϞ” āĻāĻŦং perfect-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “ā§” āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ past perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “ā§,āϞ” । āϤাāĻ past perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিā§া āĻিāϞাāĻŽ” । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “ā§”-āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb āĻāĻŦং “āϞ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb-āĻāϰ past form āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । (to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏে ) āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I had eaten.
*Future-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻŦ” āĻāĻŦং perfect-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “ā§” āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ future perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “ā§,āĻŦ” । āϤাāĻ future perfect tense -āĻāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāĻŽি āϞিāĻিāĻā§া āĻĨাāĻāĻŦো” । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “āĻŦ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ will āĻāĻŦং “ā§”-āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I will have eaten (will-āĻāϰ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী to have verb-āĻāϰ base āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏেāĻে āĻāĻŦং to have verb-āĻāϰ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏেāĻে)
perfect continuous tense
*Present perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ , āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে “āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ āĻী āĻী?” । āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি present-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻ” āĻāĻŦং perfect-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “ā§” āĻŦা “āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ” (āĻāĻাāĻ āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ) āĻāĻŦং continuous-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ” āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨাā§ Present perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻ,āϤ,āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ” । āϝেāĻŽāύ “āĻāĻŽি āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ āϞিāĻিāϤেāĻি” । āϤাāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻ্āĻে Present perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb āĻāĻŦং “āĻ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb-āĻāϰ present āϰূāĻĒ āĻāĻŦং “āϤ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I have been writting for two hours । (to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে to be verb āĻŦāϏে ) *Past-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϞ” āĻāĻŦং perfect-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “ā§” āĻŦা “āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ” (āĻāĻাāĻ āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ) āĻāĻŦং continuous-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ” āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ Past perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϞ,āϤ,āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ” । āϝেāĻŽāύ “āĻāĻŽি āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ āϞিāĻিāϤে āĻিāϞাāĻŽ” । āϤাāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻ্āĻে Past perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb āĻāĻŦং “āϞ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb-āĻāϰ past āϰূāĻĒ āĻāĻŦং “āϤ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I had been writing for two hours । (to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে to be verb āĻŦāϏে )
*future-āĻāϰ-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻŦ” āĻāĻŦং perfect-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “ā§” āĻŦা “āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ” (āĻāĻাāĻ āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ) āĻāĻŦং continuous-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āϤ” āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ Past perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ “āĻŦ,āϤ,āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ” । āϝেāĻŽāύ “āĻāĻŽি āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦāϤ āϞিāĻিāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦ” । āϤাāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻšāĻ্āĻে future perfect continuous tense-āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ । āĻংāϰেāĻীāϤে “āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ to have verb āĻāĻŦং “āĻŦ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ will āĻāĻŦং “āϤ”-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I will have been writing for two hours । (will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏে । to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻāĻŦং ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে to be verb āĻŦāϏে ) ।
āϏāϤāϰ্āĻāϤা:
1. āĻŦাংāϞাā§ perfect āĻেāύাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻুāĻো āĻিāύিāϏ, “ā§” āĻāĻŦং “āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ” । āĻিāύ্āϤু English- āĻāĻāĻাāĻ , āĻāϰ āϤা āĻšāϞ to have verb । 2. āĻāĻŽāϰা shall āĻāĻŦং will āύিā§ে āĻŽāĻšা āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻে āĻĒā§ে āϝাāĻ । āĻāĻāύ will āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦ āĻāϰ āĻāĻāύ shall āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦ । āĻāĻŽāϰা āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻĒাāϤāϤ American āύিā§āĻŽ āĻ āύুāϏāϰāύ āĻāϰি āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϰ āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻšā§ে āϝাā§ । āĻাāϰāύ American-āϰা āϏāĻŦ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে will āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে । āĻāϰ British-āϰা I-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে shall āĻāĻŦং you,he,she āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āϏāĻŦ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে will āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে ।
3. āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻāĻে āĻŦāϞেāĻি to have verb āĻĻেāĻāϞেāĻ āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা perfect tense-āĻāϰ । āϤাāĻ āĻŦāϞে āĻি “I have a car” āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻা perfect tense-āĻāϰ?
- āύা, āĻ āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ āύা । āĻāĻাāύে āύিā§āĻŽ āĻšāϞো āϝে , to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ,verb-āĻāϰ P.P form āĻĨাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻাāύে āϤা āύেāĻ । āϏুāϤāϰাং āĻāĻা perfect āύা । āĻāϏāϞে āĻāĻĨা āĻšāϞো, to have verb āĻĻেāĻে perfect āĻŦāϞāĻŦে āϤāĻāύ , āϝāĻāύ āĻ to have verb-āĻা auxiliary verb āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে। āĻāĻāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻšāϞ to have verb-āĻা āĻāĻāύ auxiliary verb āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāύ auxiliary verb āύ⧠āϤা āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦুāĻāĻŦ ? āύিā§āĻŽāĻা āĻšāϞ to have verb-āĻা āϤāĻāύāĻ auxiliary verb (āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝāĻাāϰী) āĻšāĻŦে, āϝāĻāύ āϤাāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻāĻা āĻŽূāϞ verb āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে । āĻāϰ āϝāĻĻি āĻŽূāϞ verb āύা āĻĨাāĻে āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻ auxiliary verb-āĻাāĻ āĻŽূāϞ verb āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻĨাāĻে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύঃ
I had a car āĻŦা
I have a car āĻŦা
he has a car
āĻāĻাāύেāϰ had/have/has āĻুāϞো āĻŽূāϞ verb āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻāĻে । āĻাāϰāύ āĻāĻাāύে to have verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽূāϞ verb āύেāĻ ।
āĻāĻ্āĻা! I had gone to school āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āĻিāύ্āϤু to have verb-āĻা auxiliary verb ।
āĻāĻŦাāϰ “Is” āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻĨা । āϝেāĻŽāύঃ This is a car .āĻāĻাāύে is -āĻা āĻŽূāϞ verb । is-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽূāϞ verb āĻĨাāĻāϞে āϤা auxiliary verb āĻšāϤো। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He is giong (am/is/are/was/wereāϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻĨা । )
4. āĻ āϤিāϤে āϝāĻĻি āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻ āĻšā§ে āĻĨাāĻে āĻāĻŦং āĻোāύāĻা āĻāĻে āĻāϰ āĻোāύāĻা āĻĒāϰে āϤা āĻŦুāĻাāύোāϰ āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ āĻĒā§ে āϤāĻāύ āĻāĻে āϝে āĻাāĻāĻি āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ āϤা āĻšāĻŦে past perfect tense āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰে āϝে āĻাāĻāĻি āĻšā§ে āĻিāϞ āϤা past indefinite āĻŦা simple past tense āĻšāĻŦে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I had written the letter before he arrived ("before”-āĻāϰ before-āĻ āĻšāĻŦে past perfect )
āĻāĻŦাāϰ He arrived after I had written the letter (“after”-āĻāϰ after-āĻ āĻšāĻŦে past perfect)
āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻĻুāĻিāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻāĻāĻু āĻিāύ্āύ āĻšāϞেāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻāĻāĻ । (āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻļুāϧু before āĻāĻŦং after-āĻāϰ ) Future perfect āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻĨা । āϤāĻāύ future-āĻ āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻ āĻāĻāĻŦে । āĻāĻāĻা āĻāĻে āĻ āύ্āϝāĻা āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻāĻŦে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I will have started before the sun will rise (before-āĻāϰ before-āĻ āĻšāĻŦে future perfect)
āĻāĻŦাāϰ The sun will rise after we will have started (after-āĻāϰ after-āĻ āĻšāĻŦে future perfect) āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻĻুāĻিāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻāĻāĻু āĻিāύ্āύ āĻšāϞেāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻāĻāĻ ।
āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύāĻŦো āĻি āĻাāĻŦে āĻāĻ tense āĻĨেāĻে āĻ
āύ্āϝ tense-āĻ āϝেāϤে āĻšā§ ?
*⧧ I go >I went >I will go *⧍I am going> I was going >I will be going
*ā§Š I have gone >I had gone >I will have gone
*ā§Ē I have been going >I had been going >I will have been going
āĻিāĻা :
ā§§ . verb-āĻāϰ āϰুāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύে tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšā§েāĻে ।
⧍ . to be verb-āĻāϰ āϰুāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύে tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšā§েāĻে ।
ā§Š /ā§Ē . to have verb-āĻāϰ āϰুāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύে tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšā§েāĻেāϰ ।
• Future-āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ will āĻšāĻŦে।
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